VIP

<p class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer" data-start="586" data-end="981">Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a naturally occurring 28-amino-acid neuropeptide that functions as an important signaling molecule throughout the nervous system and numerous peripheral tissues. Despite its name, VIP is not limited to the gastrointestinal system and is widely distributed throughout the brain, autonomic nerves, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, and other tissues.</p> <p data-start="983" data-end="1273">VIP primarily produces its biological effects through interaction with the G protein-coupled receptors <strong data-start="1086" data-end="1105">VPAC1 and VPAC2</strong>. Activation of these receptors can stimulate adenylate cyclase and increase intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP), influencing a wide range of downstream cellular processes.</p> <p data-start="1275" data-end="1679">Research involving VIP spans several areas, including neural communication, vascular tone, smooth muscle activity, inflammatory signaling, immune-cell function, gastrointestinal physiology, and circadian regulation. VIP signaling is particularly notable within the suprachiasmatic nucleus, where it has been investigated for its role in coordinating cellular rhythms associated with the biological clock.</p> <p data-start="1681" data-end="1913">Because of its broad distribution and multiple receptor-mediated effects, VIP provides researchers with a versatile model for investigating communication between neural, immune, vascular, and endocrine-associated signaling pathways.</p>

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